Introductory Astronomy Online Lectures

David J. Jeffery

2005 January 1


M31 (Andromeda Galaxy) and Moon
This is a set of online lectures that I began developing at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) in 2003--2004. The aims of the lectures are to provide an online resource that serve as course text, lectures notes for the instructor, course notes for the students, and a lecturing tool: i.e., unified, single resource for introductory astronomy courses on either the solar system or extrasolar astronomy (i.e., stars, galaxies, cosmology).

I believe the online lectures satisfactorially achieve their aims. Of course, good text books will often provide more detail and be consistently more accurate. Also some people prefer having a text that one can hold in one's hand and make notes on.

As a lecturing tool the lectures work well for me. The lectures are projected directly onto a big screen and the lecturer scrolls through them. The images and text and voice can be integrated. I find that students adjust quickly to not taking notes in class and in not being able to read every word. In lecturing, I focus on images, key words, and questions to the class (which are inserted in the text).

Occasionally, a diagram or math expression needs to be improvised on a blackboard or whiteboard. One could also use transparencies with the projector set to blank (one can construct one's own blank screen bookmark it) or use a document camera (doccam).

The questions to class are usually multiple choice. Hitherto, I've just used a show of hands to get responses. One could have the student use remotes in order to collect answers. That takes more technology than I've currently got available to me. Some questions are intended to elicit a response from an individual student in words.

The lectures are still under construction. They are probably about 80 % complete for the solar system and about 60 % complete for extrasolar astronomy: many lectures need further improvement. In fact, be warned: some material is probably out-of-date, erroneous, and/or garbled. I am working to ameliorate things.

In addition to the lectures, I have created a problem bank, Introductory Astronomy Problems, in TeX format. The problems are all multiple choice. A pdf file of the problems, but not solutions, is downloads at the link above. I will provide instructors with the TeX source file (which includes solutions) on request. The questions are all coded for electronic selection. I can provide a fortran routine for selection, but an instructor could easily construct his/her own program.

I also have online encyclopedia site Astronomy, Physics, Science, Technology containing further images, descriptions, and links useful to an astronomy course. This site is very incomplete and unperfected---and it will never get any better---Wikipedia has left me eating its dust.

Alien mesmerized by copyright Alien mesmerized by copyright.

Many images are included in the lectures. The main sources for images that are not of my own creation are Wikipedia, NASA, the National Optical Astrophysical Observatories (NOAO), the National Oceanographics and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). I have also used architectural images from the Digital Imaging Project of Mary Ann Sullivan, Bluffton College and maps from the Perry-Casta~neda Library Map Collection, University of Texas Austin. All of these sources allow use of their images with proper credit without express permission at least for educational purposes: most of the NASA, NOAA, and USGS images are public domain I believe. There are a few images from other sources. In almost all cases, I believe that I am free to use those images and have given proper credit and a download site.

There are a few astronomical images that I downloaded years ago and have lost track of their provenance. Since I am using those images for educational purposes, I trust the copyright holders will be forgiving. I intend to replace those unprovenanced images when I can find adequate substitutes with proper provenance.

If anyone finds that I am improperly using an image, please contact me and I will resolve the matter.

In regard to my own text and images (all signed DJ Jeffery), I hereby give permission for downloading, use, and modification for any non-commercial or educational purposes. Express permission is not required. I will provide a tar file of everything on request. I'd appreciate credit and hearing from any users.

I thank the UNLV Department of Physics and Washburn University Department of Physics and Astronomy for support for this work.


Contents

    Course Web Site and Syllabus A course-specific site. This has to be modified for each new semester.

  1. Lecture 0 A Philosophical and Historical Introduction to Astronomy

  2. Lecture 1 Scientific Notation, Units, Math, Angles, Plots, Motion, Orbits

  3. Lecture 2 The Sky

  4. Lecture 3 The Moon: Orbit, Phases, Eclipses, and More

  5. Lecture 4 The History of Astronomy to Galileo

  6. Lecture 5 Physics, Gravity, Orbits, Thermodynamics, Tides

  7. Lecture 6 Electromagnetic Radiation

  8. Lecture 7 Spectra

  9. Lecture 8 The Sun

  10. Lecture 9 The Life of the Sun

  11. Lecture 10 Solar System Formation

  12. Lecture 11 The Earth

  13. Lecture 12 The Moon and Mercury

  14. Lecture 13 Venus

  15. Lecture 14 Mars: The Red Planet

  16. Lecture 15 Gas Giant Planets

  17. Lecture 16 Small Bodies of the Inner Solar System and Target Earth

  18. Lecture 17 Small Bodies of the Outer Solar System

  19. Lecture 18 Exoplanets

  20. Lecture 19 Some Star Basics

  21. Lecture 20 The Nature of Stars

  22. Lecture 21 Star Formation
  23. Lecture 22 The Main Sequence Life of Stars

  24. Lecture 23 The Post-Main-Sequence Life of Stars

  25. Lecture 24 Compact Remnants: White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars

  26. Lecture 25 Black Holes

  27. Lecture 26 The Discovery of Galaxies

  28. Lecture 27 The Milky Way

  29. Lecture 28 Galaxies

  30. Lecture 29 Active Galaxies and Quasars

  31. Lecture 30 Gamma-Ray Bursts

  32. Lecture 31 Cosmology

  33. Lecture 32 Life in the Universe
  34. Lecture 33 Supernovae
  35. Glossary: This never got off the ground. A reasonable online astro glossary is Journey Through the Galaxy: Glossary. Further elucidation of the terms can be found at Wikipedia.

  36. Encyclopedia: Astronomy, Physics, Science, Technology I once had grand plans for this page as resource for myself and others. But it is now totally outdated by Wikipedia, but it has some image collections that are useful.

  37. Writers including secondary references Again Wikipedia has made it pointless to continue developing this resource. It has some images that are useful.